Additional information | Parasitology | Microbiology

Box for relapse and hypnozoites. In P.vivax and P.ovale, a dormant stage [hypnozoites] can persist in the liver (if untreated) and cause relapses by invading the bloodstream weeks, or even years later.
Box for visceral larva migrans: caused by zoonotic nematodes like Ascaris suum, Toxocara canis, Toxocara cati etc. Humans are accidental hosts. The larvae enter the bloodstream from the intestine to reach visceral organs like liver, heart and CNS causing inflammation and damage. It presents as fever, myalgia, weight loss, cough, rashes, hepatosplenomegaly, myocarditis, meningoencephalitis and hypereosinophilia. Toxocara canis can cause ocular larva migrans with diffuse unilateral subacute neuroretinitis presenting as orbital edema, pain, visual disturbances, strabismus, orbital granulomas and blindness.
Box for cutaneous larva migrans - It is caused by zoonotic hookworms of cats and dogs like Ancylostoma braziliense, A. caninum, A. ceylanicum, and Uncinaria stenocephala. People become infected when the zoonotic hookworm larvae penetrate unprotected skin, especially when walking barefoot or sitting on contaminated soil or sand. Larvae can penetrate the skin of the foot or body and migrate in the top layers of the skin. This migration causes severe itchiness and raised red skin tracks can form as part of the reaction to the larva in the skin. The larva will die in the skin after several weeks without developing any further, and the itchiness and red lines will go away. Scratching at the lines can cause a bacterial infection.