The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Its role is to excrete toxins from the blood into the urine, and to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance. Common diseases include urinary tract infections (UTIs), kidney stones, renal failure, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and urinary incontinence. UTIs are common and are treated with antibiotics.
Table showing common drug classes and examples of the urinary system
| Drug class | Generic name | Brand name(s) | Primary use |
| Alpha blockers | Tamsulosin, doxazosin, prazosin | Flomax, Cardura, Minipress | BPH |
| Anticholinergics | Oxybutynin, tolterodine, solifenacin | Oxytrol, Ditropan XL, Detrol LA, Vesicare | Urinary incontinence |
| Antibiotics | Nitrofurantoin, cephalexin | Macrobid, Keflex | UTIs |
| 5 alpha reductase inhibitors | Finasteride | Proscar | BPH |
| Pain relievers | Phenazopyridine | Pyridium | Pain relief in UTIs |
| Beta 3 adrenergic agonist | Mirabegron | Myrbetriq | Overactive bladder |
The integumentary system consists of the skin, hair, and nails. The skin is the largest organ of the body, and is made of three main layers - the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. It forms a protective barrier, and plays many other roles such as temperature regulation, excretion of waste products, and sensing the environment by means of touch, pressure, temperature, and pain. Common diseases of the integumentary system include eczema, psoriasis, skin infections, and acne.
Table showing common drug classes and examples of the integumentary system
| Drug class | Generic name | Brand name(s) | Primary use |
| Corticosteroids | Clobetasol, hydrocortisone, triamcinolone, desonide | Clodan, Embeline,Cortizone-10, Kenalog, Desonate | Eczema, dermatitis (skin inflammation) |
| Retinoids | Adapalene, tretinoin, isotretinoin | Differin, Retin-A, Atralin, Claravis | Acne |
| Topical antimicrobials | Clotrimazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, bacitracin, clindamycin | Lotrimin, Nizoral, Lamisil AT, Neosporin, Cleocin T | Fungal infections, bacterial infections |
| Biologics | Adalimumab, dupilumab, ustekinumab, brodalumab, etanercept | Humira, Dupixent, Stelara, Siliq, Enbrel | Psoriasis |
The musculoskeletal system provides the body with a structural framework and supports movement. It consists of bones, ligaments, and muscles. Common diseases include osteoarthritis, gout, osteoporosis, and rheumatoid arthritis. NSAIDS and anti-inflammatory agents are used to treat many musculoskeletal disorders. Other common drugs used to treat musculoskeletal disorders include muscle relaxants and bisphosphonates.
| Drug class | Generic name | Brand name(s) | Primary use |
| Muscle relaxants | Baclofen, onabotulinum toxin A | Lioresal, Gablofen, Botox | Relieve muscle spasm |
| Bisphosphonates | Alendronate, ibandronate, zoledronic acid | Fosamax, Boniva, Zometa | Treatment of osteoporosis |
Sign up for free to take 6 quiz questions on this topic