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USMLE/1
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Introduction
1. Anatomy
2. Microbiology
3. Physiology
3.1 Nervous system and special senses
3.2 Cardiovascular system
3.3 Respiratory system
3.4 Gastrointestinal system
3.5 Renal and urinary system
3.6 Endocrine system
3.7 Reproductive system
3.7.1 Fundamentals
3.7.2 Menopause
3.7.3 Additional information
4. Pathology
5. Pharmacology
6. Immunology
7. Biochemistry
8. Cell and molecular biology
9. Biostatistics and epidemiology
10. Genetics
11. Behavioral science
Wrapping up
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3.7.3 Additional information
Achievable USMLE/1
3. Physiology
3.7. Reproductive system

Additional information

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  1. AMH or anti-mullerian hormone role in women: It is a glycoprotein hormone that is secreted by granulosa cells in the ovary. AMH is a member of the transforming growth factor β family of growth and differentiation factors. AMH has an inhibitory effect on primordial follicle recruitment as well as on the responsiveness of growing follicles to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). AMH is used as a marker for ovarian reserve which is useful in treatment of infertility like IVF. AMH levels are increased in women with PCOS. Serum AMH levels decrease with age in premenopausal women.

Tanner stages in males and females

Stage Males Females Pubic hair (both sexes)
1 Prepubertal Prepubertal. No breast tissue None
2 Testes enlarge (4ml); scrotum larger, reddened and skin coarser Areolar enlargement with breast bud Few darker hairs along labia or at base of penis
3 Penis enlarges, initially in length. Continued growth of testes and scrotum Enlargement of breast and areola as single mound Curly pigmented hairs across pubes
4 Penis grows in length and breadth; continued growth of testes and scrotum that becomes pigmented Projection of areola above breast as double mound Small adult configuration, covers triangular area overlying the pubic region
5 Testis, scrotum and penis adult size Adult; papilla projects out of areola that is part of breast contour Adult configuration with spread onto inner thighs

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