Box for nasal colonization with staphylococci can be eradicated with intranasal mupirocin, oral ciprofloxacin, or trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.
Box for CAMP test: CAMP stands for Christie, Atkinson, and Munch-Peterson, who first described the enhancement of the beta-hemolytic activity of beta hemolysin from S. aureus by a protein produced by Group B streptococci. To perform the test, Group B streptococcus is streaked perpendicular to a streak of S. aureus on blood agar and incubated overnight. The test is positive if synergistic beta hemolysis is seen as an “arrow-shaped” area of hemolysis where the streaks meet.
Box for Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome (gonococcal perihepatitis) is a rare disorder that occurs almost exclusively in women. It is characterized by inflammation of the membrane lining the stomach (peritoneum) and the tissues surrounding the liver (perihepatitis). Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome is a complication of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) in women. Infection is often caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis.
Penicillin or third-generation cephalosporins (ceftriaxone and cefotaxime are the drugs of choice) are used to treat meningococcal infections. Rifampin or ciprofloxacin can be used for prophylaxis.
Box for repeated gonococcal infections: a person can be reinfected with the same strain of gonococci multiple times because the organism changes the antigenicity of its pili and outer membrane protein.
In suspected coinfections with N. gonorrhoeae and Chlamydia trachomatis, collect the cervical specimen for N. gonorrhoeae detection before the specimen for C. trachomatis. This order matters because N. gonorrhoeae is present in mucus from the endocervix, while C. trachomatis is present in cervical epithelial cells.
Gonorrhoea is a reportable public health disease.