Tennessee State Regulations & NAIC Insurance Law

Licensing

Any individual applying for a Tennessee resident producer’s license must be at least 18 years old and must be a resident of Tennessee before submitting an application.

To be eligible for a Tennessee producer license, a person must also be a United States citizen or a qualified alien (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-103(b)).

Pre-licensing course and exam

Tennessee does not have specific pre-licensing requirements for the life, accident and health, property, casualty or personal lines authority, but a resident applicant must pass the examination for each line of authority applied for; a 2023 act removed the prelicensing course requirement (2023 Tenn. Pub. Acts ch. 57).

A Tennessee producer licensing examination is passed with a score of at least 70% (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0780-01-56-.07(4)). An applicant who fails the examination waits at least 10 calendar days before reapplying for a second attempt, and at least 30 calendar days after a second or later failure (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-105(d)).

Fingerprints/background check

The Commissioner reviews an applicant’s background before issuing a license, and many states require applicants to submit fingerprints for a state and FBI criminal history check as part of the application. Tennessee is one of them: it requires a fingerprint-based background check of resident producer applicants, checked against the criminal history records of the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation and the FBI (Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance, Insurance Producer Licensing Procedure with Exams).

Controlled business

Controlled business is insurance written on the producer’s own life, property or interests, or on those of the producer’s family, employer or a business the producer controls.

Non-resident license

A producer licensed in another state can obtain a Tennessee nonresident license without taking Tennessee’s examination. Under the NAIC’s Producer Licensing Model Act, which most states have adopted in some form, a nonresident receives the license if the person:

• Is currently licensed as a resident, and in good standing, in the home state
• Has applied (the home-state application or the Uniform Application) and paid the fees
• Lives in a home state that grants nonresident licenses to residents of this state on the same basis (reciprocity)

Under the same model, a producer who moves to another state files a change of address, with certification from the new home state, within 30 days. A licensed producer who moves into a state applies for a resident license there within 90 days and does not repeat prelicensing education or the examination for lines already held.

Tennessee follows the model: unless denied under its disciplinary grounds, a nonresident receives a Tennessee producer license if licensed as a resident and in good standing in the home state, having requested the license, paid the fees and submitted the home-state application or the uniform application, and if the home state awards producer licenses to Tennessee residents on the same basis (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-108(a)).

Temporary license

Most states allow the insurance regulator to issue a temporary license, without an examination, when one is needed to keep an insurance business serviced. Typical cases are:

• The surviving spouse or personal representative of a producer who dies or becomes disabled, to allow time to sell the business or train new people
• A member or employee of a business entity producer, on the death or disability of its designated producer
• The designee of a producer entering active military service

Under the NAIC’s model act, the regulator may also issue one in any other circumstance where it finds that the public interest will best be served.

The regulator may limit what a temporary licensee may do and may require a licensed sponsor who takes responsibility for the temporary licensee’s acts.

Tennessee may issue a temporary producer license for up to 180 days without an examination, where it is necessary to service an insurance business — for example after a licensed producer dies or becomes disabled (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-111(a)). Tennessee’s Commissioner may also issue one in any other circumstance where the Commissioner deems that the public interest will best be served, may by order limit the temporary licensee’s authority, may require a suitable sponsor, a licensed producer or insurer who assumes responsibility for all of the temporary licensee’s acts, and may impose other similar requirements designed to protect insureds and the public (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-111(a)(4), (b)).

Military service

In Tennessee, a producer who cannot comply with the license renewal procedures because of military service or another extenuating circumstance, such as a long-term medical disability, may request a waiver of those procedures, and of any examination requirement or other sanction for failing to comply with them (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-107(e)). The Commissioner may also, on written request, extend the time to meet the continuing education requirements for poor health, military service or other reasonable and just causes (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0780-01-56-.08(4)(a)).

Renewal and reinstatement

A producer license stays in effect only while the producer renews it on schedule: paying the renewal fee and completing continuing education by the due date.

A Tennessee producer license remains in effect for 24 months from the last day of the licensee’s birth month (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-107(b)(1)), and the producer renews it every other year on or before the end of the birth month (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0780-01-56-.09(1)).

A producer who misses the deadline and lets the license lapse may be able to reinstate it without retaking the examination.

Under the NAIC’s model act, a lapsed license may be reinstated within 12 months of the renewal due date, for a penalty of double the unpaid renewal fee. Each state sets its own window and fee, and after the window closes the person must qualify for a new license. Tennessee follows the model: a producer may reinstate a lapsed license within 12 months of the renewal fee’s due date without an examination, paying a penalty of double the unpaid renewal fee (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-107(d)).

Continuing education

All states, including Tennessee, have continuing education requirements that must be met to renew any major lines (life, health, property, liability) insurance license. Individuals licensed in the state of Tennessee must complete continuing education prior to renewing their license. The number of hours required is set by state law and published by the state insurance department. In Tennessee, every individual renewing a producer license, unless exempt, completes approved continuing education every two years, part of it in ethics, and a resident producer authorized to sell property insurance also takes a one-time flood insurance course, which counts toward the requirement (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0780-01-56-.08(1)). The statute’s exemptions include a producer continuously licensed since January 1, 1994, and a business entity producer (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-107(c)), and a nonresident’s home-state continuing education satisfies Tennessee’s if the home state recognizes Tennessee producers’ continuing education on the same basis (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-118(b)). The requirement is 24 credit hours every two years following the last day of the producer’s birth month, 3 of them with a course concentration in ethics (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0780-01-56-.08(1)). A producer may carry over up to 12 hours earned beyond the requirement to the next renewal cycle, but carried-over hours cannot be used to meet the ethics requirement (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0780-01-56-.08(2)(h)).

Notice of change of name or address

A Tennessee producer informs the Commissioner of a change of address within 30 days of the change, and failing to report a change of legal name or address on time may lead to disciplinary action (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-107(g)).

The model also requires a producer to report to the regulator within 30 days any administrative action taken against the producer in another state or by another government agency, counted from the final disposition, and any criminal prosecution in any jurisdiction, counted from the initial pretrial hearing date. A producer who does business under any name other than their legal name must notify the regulator before using it.

Company regulations

An insurance company must be authorized by the Department of Commerce and Insurance to conduct business in Tennessee. To receive a certificate of authority, the company applies to the Commissioner and files its charter or articles of incorporation, financial statements showing that it meets the state’s capital and surplus requirements, and the other documents and fees the state requires.

Capital and surplus requirement

A company that has been authorized to conduct insurance business in Tennessee must maintain minimum standards as a corporation. The certificate of authority allows the insurer to conduct business in the state only if it maintains the minimum capital or permanent surplus required. In Tennessee, a domestic company whose capital is impaired by 20% or more is notified that it must make good its capital and has 60 days to do so before the Commissioner institutes proceedings (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-1-414), while the Commissioner must revoke or suspend the certificate of a foreign company found in an unsound condition (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-1-416(a)).

Duties of the Commissioner of Commerce and Insurance

The Tennessee Commissioner of Commerce and Insurance is a state executive position in the Tennessee government. The Commissioner is the chief executive of the Tennessee Department of Commerce and Insurance, which regulates insurance companies operating in Tennessee. The Commissioner of Commerce and Insurance is appointed by the governor.

The Commissioner is responsible for establishing and enforcing regulations in the Tennessee insurance market in a manner that protects consumers and encourages economic development.

Duties of the Commissioner include:

• Investigate all claims and complaints of legal violations relating to insurance.

• If the Commissioner finds that laws have been violated, the findings and supporting documents may be referred for criminal prosecution.

• Monitor transactions of all companies including domestic, foreign, and alien insurance companies.

• Audit the books and records of any resident producer as frequently as necessary. Under the NAIC’s examination model, the regulator may examine any person subject to its authority, nonresident producers included, as often as it considers appropriate.

• Collect all fees associated with producers and insurers.

• Determine and administer fines associated with violations for insurers and producers.

• Issue reports pertaining to the suspension and revocation of licenses of producers and certificates of authority for insurers.

• Approve documentation used by insurance companies such as forms and rates.

Sidenote

Know this...

The Commissioner can start the process that leads to an arrest, an injunction or a jail sentence: a law enforcement officer may make an arrest (Tenn. Code Ann. § 40-7-103(a)), and a judge or court of law issues injunctions and sentences jail time. The Commissioner may refer illegal activity for criminal prosecution.

Suspend, revoke or non-renew

The Commissioner has the authority to suspend, revoke, or refuse to renew a license for:

• Providing false information on the application for an insurance license.

• Omitting any relevant information on an application that would have disqualified the individual from being eligible to receive a license. Tennessee’s ground, like the NAIC model’s, is broader: providing incorrect, misleading, incomplete or materially untrue information in the license application (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-112(a)(1)).

• Being found guilty of a violation or the noncompliance of insurance regulations and laws…

• Committing fraud while attempting to obtain an insurance license.

• Improperly withholding, misappropriating or converting any money or property received in the course of doing insurance business.

• Providing false information in reference to the terms and conditions of an insurance contract.

• Having been convicted of a felony.

• Having admitted or been found to have committed any insurance unfair trade practice or fraud.

• Having engaged in activities of a fraudulent nature which allowed the person to involve themselves in dishonest, coercive, untrustworthy, and financially irresponsible practices.

• Having had a prior insurance license revoked or suspended in a state other than Tennessee. In Tennessee, as under the NAIC’s model act, the ground is having an insurance producer license, or its equivalent, denied, suspended or revoked in any other state, province, district or territory (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-112(a)(9)).

• Using another person’s identity and forging their name on an insurance application.

• Being found guilty of using unethical practices or cheating on an examination for an insurance license.

Cease and desist

If the Commissioner finds that a producer has violated the state’s insurance laws, the Commissioner may order the producer to cease and desist. Receiving a cease and desist order does not mean the producer’s registration has been suspended or revoked, but it does require the producer to stop or limit the activity addressed in the order.

Hearing and penalties

A person facing action by the Commissioner is entitled to notice and an opportunity for a hearing, within time limits set by Tennessee law, and may ask a court to review the final order. In Tennessee, a cease and desist order, a civil penalty, or a suspension or revocation follows notice and the opportunity for a contested case hearing under the Uniform Administrative Procedures Act, which requires reasonable notice rather than a set number of days (Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 56-6-112(g), 4-5-307(a)); a license may be summarily suspended only when public health, safety or welfare imperatively requires emergency action (Tenn. Code Ann. § 4-5-320(c)).

A violation of the insurance laws can bring a civil penalty in addition to action against a license. State law sets the maximum, usually per violation and often with a cap on the total, and a higher tier commonly applies to a violation that was knowing or flagrant. Some violations are also crimes. In Tennessee, a producer’s penalty is up to $1,000 for each violation, each day of a continuing violation counting separately, and no more than $100,000 in total (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-112(g)(2)); the general insurance penalty section, with its higher amounts, does not apply to producers (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-2-305(d)). The producer limits do not apply where a statute or rule specifically provides other civil penalties for the violation (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-112(g)(2)).

Unfair claims settlement practices

Under the NAIC’s model act, these practices are violations when committed flagrantly and in conscious disregard of the law, or often enough to indicate a general business practice. Tennessee’s own list of unfair claims practices is Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-105, and the Commissioner may levy a civil penalty or suspend or revoke a license for one only if it is committed knowingly or with such frequency as to indicate a general business practice (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-103).

• Unreasonably delaying the investigation or payment of claims by requiring both a formal proof of loss form and subsequent verification that would result in duplication of information and verification appearing in the formal proof of loss form.

• Failing, in the case of claims denials or offers of compromise settlement, to promptly provide a reasonable and accurate explanation of the basis for such actions.

• Refusing to pay claims without conducting a reasonable investigation.

• Attempting to settle or settling claims on the basis of an application that was materially altered without notice to, or knowledge or consent of, the insured (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-105(9)).

• Denying a claim without conducting a thorough investigation.

• Attempting to settle or settling a claim for less than the amount a reasonable person would believe the insured or beneficiary was entitled to by reference to written or printed advertising material accompanying or made part of an application.

Policy forms

Insurers file their policy forms with the Commissioner.

Depending on the line of insurance and the form, a state may require approval before a form is used, often with a period after which a filing that has not been acted on is deemed approved, or may allow the form to be used as soon as it is filed (“file and use”). In Tennessee, a life insurance policy form may not be used until 30 days after it is filed unless the Commissioner approves it sooner (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-7-2311), and a personal risk insurer files its policy forms at least 30 days before their effective date, when they take effect unless disapproved (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-5-105(a), (d)(1)).

Under the usual conformity rule, which many states’ insurance codes write into law, a policy provision that conflicts with state law does not make the policy invalid: the policy is read as amended to conform to the law.

The interest rate an insurer may charge on a life insurance policy loan is also limited by state law.

Record maintenance

A producer keeps records of each transaction (the policies placed, the insureds, the premiums received and any changes) and makes them available for the Commissioner’s inspection. This describes general practice. In Tennessee, the Commissioner investigating under the producer licensing law is given access to all business records of a person licensed or required to be licensed (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-120(a)(2)), and may, for good cause, examine the accounts, records, files, documents and transactions of any insurance agency or agent (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-1-409(b)(1)).

Fraudulent producer representation

In Tennessee, a person may not sell, solicit or negotiate insurance for any class of insurance unless licensed for that line of authority (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-103(a)), and a producer who represents to the public a license the producer does not hold makes an untrue, deceptive or misleading statement about the business of insurance, which is an unfair practice whatever the medium (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-104(2)). Violating any law or rule is a ground for action against a producer’s license (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-112(a)(2)). This includes any public communication, such as advertisements, letterheads, circulars, business cards, and other methods of representation.

A producer found guilty of conducting business in Tennessee in any line of insurance for which they are not properly licensed may have any other insurance license suspended or revoked.

Misrepresentation

• Misrepresentation involving the creation or distribution of policies, quotes, and illustrations designed to provide inaccurate information about the terms and conditions of a policy is prohibited. Under the NAIC’s model act, any estimate, illustration or statement that misrepresents a policy’s benefits, advantages, conditions or terms is an unfair trade practice when committed flagrantly and in conscious disregard of the law, or often enough to indicate a general business practice.

• Providing inaccurate or incomplete information or comparisons regarding the benefits of a policy is an example of misrepresentation.

• Providing inaccurate or incomplete information for the purpose of inducing, or tending to induce, the lapse, exchange, conversion, forfeiture, or surrender of a policy is a violation as well (twisting).

False advertising

Making, publishing or circulating an advertisement, announcement or statement about the business of insurance that is untrue, deceptive or misleading is an unfair trade practice under state law, based on the NAIC’s model act. The medium does not matter: the rule reaches newspapers, magazines, radio and television, and also notices, circulars, pamphlets, letters, posters and any other way of placing the statement before the public. Under the model act, such a statement is an unfair trade practice when committed flagrantly and in conscious disregard of the law, or often enough to indicate a general business practice. Some state laws adopt this condition, and others reach a single such statement.

Defamation

Defamation of an insurer is an unfair trade practice under state law, based on the NAIC’s model act: making, publishing or circulating an oral or written statement that is false, or maliciously critical of or derogatory to the financial condition of an insurer, and that is calculated to injure such insurer. Some states’ laws reach further, to a statement calculated to injure any person engaged in the business of insurance. Tennessee’s rule is narrower: it reaches such a statement about the financial condition of any insurer, calculated to injure the insurer (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-104(3)). Spreading an untrue rumor that a competing insurer is about to fail is the classic example.

Boycott, coercion and intimidation

Entering into an agreement to commit, or by concerted action committing, any act of boycott, coercion or intimidation that results or tends to result in unreasonable restraint of, or monopoly in, the business of insurance is prohibited.

False financial statements

In Tennessee, knowingly making or circulating a false material statement of fact as to an insurer’s financial condition, or knowingly making a false material statement to an insurance department official, is an unfair practice (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-104(5)), and so is making false or fraudulent statements on or relative to an application for a policy to obtain a fee, commission, money or other benefit (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-104(12)).

Illegal inducements

Offering anything of value not specified in the policy (money, a service, a favor or a gift) as an inducement to buy insurance is prohibited unless state law expressly allows it, and any agreement made as part of the sale must be written into the policy.

Tennessee’s rebating law expressly does not treat certain practices as rebates, among them, for life insurance policies or annuities, paying policyholders bonuses or abating their premiums out of surplus accumulated from nonparticipating insurance, when fair and equitable to policyholders, and offering policyholders a child passenger restraint system, or a premium discount equal to its purchase price, when the purpose is a child’s safety (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-104(8)(B)).

States differ on promotional gifts. The NAIC’s model act lets producers and insurers give customers non-cash gifts, meals or charitable donations up to an amount the state considers reasonable, as long as the gift is not conditioned on buying or renewing a policy and is offered without unfair discrimination. Each state sets its own limit. Tennessee sets no dollar limit: its rebating law bars any valuable consideration or inducement not specified in the policy (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-104(8)(A)), and the Department’s 2015 rebating bulletin presumes that a gift given only to people who buy a policy is a rebate, while a gift offered whether or not the person buys is not an inducement.

Unfair discrimination

Unfair discrimination is treating people or risks that present the same hazard differently. The NAIC’s model act, on which state unfair trade practices laws are based, prohibits:

• Unfair discrimination between individuals of the same class and equal expectation of life in life insurance and annuity rates, dividends, benefits or terms
• Unfair discrimination between individuals of the same class and essentially the same hazard in health insurance premiums, benefits or terms
• Refusing, limiting or canceling coverage because of a person’s sex, marital status, race, religion or national origin
• In property and casualty insurance, refusing or limiting coverage solely because of a risk’s geographic location, unless sound underwriting and actuarial principles justify it, or solely because the applicant or insured is physically or mentally impaired

Many states also expressly forbid refusing or limiting coverage solely because a person is blind or partially blind. In Tennessee, an insurer may not refuse to insure, refuse to continue to insure, limit coverage or charge a different rate for the same coverage solely because of blindness or partial blindness; other conditions, including the cause of the blindness, are judged by the same actuarial standards as for sighted persons (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0780-01-34-.04(2)).

Tennessee’s own unfair discrimination provision bars refusing to insure, refusing to continue to insure, or limiting the amount of coverage available to an individual because of the individual’s sex, race, religion, national origin, marital status, income or educational background (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-104(7)(F)). In property or casualty insurance it also bars refusing to insure, refusing to renew, canceling or limiting coverage on a risk solely because of its geographic location, unless the action results from sound underwriting and actuarial principles related to actual or reasonably anticipated loss experience (§ 56-8-104(7)(D)), and terminating, modifying, or refusing to issue or renew a policy solely because the applicant, the insured or an employee of either is mentally or physically impaired (§ 56-8-104(7)(G)).

Errors & omissions

Errors & Omissions (E&O) insurance is a type of professional liability insurance that protects insurance agents if they are sued for negligent performance of their duties. E&O covers negligence and unintentional mistakes that cause financial harm to clients. It does not cover intentional misconduct, criminal acts, or regulatory fines.

Rebating

Tennessee licensed producers are prohibited from directly or indirectly giving any refund, discount, favor, or credit to reduce premiums to induce the purchase of insurance. Tennessee’s rebating law reaches further than producers and premiums: no person may give, directly or indirectly, as an inducement to any policy of insurance, any rebate of premiums or any valuable consideration or inducement whatever not specified in the policy, except as the law expressly provides (Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 56-8-103, 56-8-104(8)(A)).

Sidenote

Know this...

To “solicit” or “negotiate” insurance implies that the person is licensed.

Sharing commission

Splitting or sharing commissions with a licensed producer is allowed. In Tennessee, an insurer or producer may not pay a commission, service fee, brokerage fee or other valuable consideration to a person for selling, soliciting or negotiating insurance in the state if that person is required to be licensed and is not, and that person may not accept it (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-113(a)-(b)). A commission may be paid to an insurance agency or to persons who do not sell, solicit or negotiate insurance in Tennessee, unless the payment would violate the law’s false statements or rebates provisions (Tenn. Code Ann. §§ 56-6-113(d), 56-8-104(5), (8)). An unlicensed person who does not discuss the specific policy terms and conditions may be paid for referring a customer to a licensed producer; one who is neither employed by nor affiliated with the producer may be paid only a fixed amount of no more than $25 for each referral, and the payment may never depend on whether the customer buys (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-6-113(e)).

Twisting

Providing false information or expressing derogatory ideas about the financial conditions of a competitor company with the intent to lapse or surrender an existing policy is a violation of the law. Any written or oral statements used to induce the lapse, termination, exchange, or surrender of an insurance contract based on inaccurate information are prohibited.

Under the NAIC’s model act, twisting is a misrepresentation made to induce a policyholder to lapse, forfeit, surrender, exchange or convert a policy. A false or maliciously critical statement about a competing insurer’s finances, made to injure it, is defamation. In Tennessee, a false statement about an insurer’s finances is also a misrepresentation, since the law bars any statement that is misleading or a misrepresentation as to the financial condition of any insurer (Tenn. Code Ann. § 56-8-104(1)(D)).

Unfair marketing practices

The Department of Commerce and Insurance is responsible for establishing minimum standards for the full and fair disclosure of policy content. The Department also requires standardization and simplification of the terms used to describe insurance coverage. Advertising may not involve the following:

• Any statement or implication that policies are approved, or that the financial condition of a company is endorsed, by any government agency or by any independent group, individual, organization or society, unless that is the fact.

• Any statements regarding advertising that are false or untrue in reference to the time frame in which claims are paid.

In Tennessee, life insurance advertisements must be truthful and not misleading in fact or by implication (Tenn. Comp. R. & Regs. 0780-01-33-.04(1)). A life advertisement may not create the impression that the insurer, its financial condition or status, the payment of its claims or the merits of its policy forms are recommended or endorsed by any governmental entity; where a governmental entity has recommended or endorsed a policy form or plan, that may be stated if the entity authorized its use in an advertisement (0780-01-33-.08(3)). Nor may it state or imply that an insurer or a policy has been approved or endorsed by a group of individuals, society, association or other organization unless that is the fact (0780-01-33-.05(11)(c)).

Gramm-Leach Bliley Act (GLBA)

This law repealed the parts of the Glass-Steagall Act of 1933 that kept commercial banks and securities firms apart, and allowed the consolidation of commercial banks, investment institutions and insurance companies. GLBA established a framework of responsibilities for federal and state regulators for these financial industries. It permits financial services companies to merge and engage in a variety of new business activities, including insurance, while attempting to address the regulatory issues raised by such combinations.

McCarran-Ferguson Act

Federal law signed in 1945 in which Congress declared that the insurance industry would be regulated at the state level. Grants insurers a limited exemption from federal antitrust legislation. Since 2021 the exemption does not cover the business of health insurance, apart from narrow activities such as sharing historical loss data (15 U.S.C. § 1013(c)).

National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC)

The U.S. standard-setting and regulatory support organization is created and governed by the chief insurance regulators from the 50 states, the District of Columbia, and five U.S. territories. Through the NAIC, state insurance regulators establish standards and best practices, conduct peer review, and coordinate their regulatory oversight. NAIC staff supports these efforts and represents the collective views of state regulators domestically and internationally. NAIC members, together with the central resources of the NAIC, form the national system of state-based insurance regulation in the U.S.

Fair Credit Reporting Act

The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA, 15 U.S.C. 1681) regulates consumer reporting agencies and the use of consumer reports, such as credit reports, MIB records and investigative reports, including in insurance underwriting.

• When an insurer requests an investigative consumer report, it must disclose that to the consumer within 3 days of the request
• When an insurer takes adverse action based on a consumer report, it must notify the consumer and identify the reporting agency. The consumer then has 60 days to request a free copy of the report and may dispute inaccurate information

Privacy Act of 1974

The federal Privacy Act of 1974 governs how federal agencies handle personal information. It does not apply to private insurers. An insurer’s use of an applicant’s personal information is governed by the FCRA, the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act and state insurance privacy law.

In states that adopted the NAIC’s Insurance Information and Privacy Protection Model Act, an authorization to collect personal information signed with an application is valid for no more than 30 months for life, health or disability insurance and one year for property or casualty insurance.

Under the same model act, a person told of an adverse underwriting decision may ask in writing, within 90 business days of the notice, for the specific reasons for it, which must be given within 21 business days of the request.

Telemarketing

The National Do Not Call Registry is a list of telephone numbers whose owners do not want to receive telemarketing calls. Telemarketers may not call registered numbers without the person’s permission or an established business relationship, and unsolicited sales calls:

• May be made only between 8 a.m. and 9 p.m. in the recipient’s local time
• Must give the caller’s name, the name of the company the call is made for, and a telephone number or address at which that company can be contacted

CAN-SPAM

A commercial email must:

• Be identified clearly as an advertisement
• Carry accurate header information and a subject line that is not deceptive
• Include the sender’s valid physical postal address
• Offer a way to opt out, and the sender must honor an opt-out within 10 business days