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Textbook
Introduction
1. Structure and function of body systems
2. Biomechanics of resistance exercise
3. Bioenergetics of exercise and training
4. Endocrine responses to resistance exercise
5. Adaptations to anaerobic training
6. Adaptations to aerobic endurance training
7. Age and sex differences in resistance exercise
8. Psychology of athletic preparation and performance
9. Sports nutrition
10. Nutrition strategies for maximizing performance
11. Performance-enhancing substances and methods
12. Principles of test selection and administration
13. Administration, scoring, and interpretation of selected tests
13.1 Measuring parameters of athletic performance
13.2 Normative data
13.3 Test protocols
14. Warm-up and flexibility training
15. Exercise technique for free weight and machine training
16. Exercise technique for alternative modes and nontraditional implement training
17. Program design for resistance training
18. Program design and technique for plyometric training
19. Program design and technique for speed and agility training
20. Program design and technique for aerobic endurance training
21. Periodization
22. Rehabilitation and reconditioning
23. Facility design, layout, and organization
24. Facility policies, procedures, and legal issues
Wrapping up
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13.2 Normative data
Achievable CSCS
13. Administration, scoring, and interpretation of selected tests

Normative data

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The tables below provide normative data for various tests, sports, and age groups. This information won’t be on the test, but it’s useful for understanding typical performance benchmarks.

Percentile values of the 1RM bench press, squat, and power clean in NCAA Division I female collegiate athletes

Basketball

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 124 56 178 81 130 59
80 119 54 160 73 124 56
70 115 52 147 67 112 51
60 112 51 135 61 106 48
50 106 48 123 56 97 44
40 102 46 115 52 103 47
30 96 44 112 51 96 44
20 88 40 101 46 88 40
10 82 37 87 39 77 35
Mean 105 48 130 59 106 48
SD 18 8 42 19 20 9
n 120 86 85

Swimming

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg)
90 116 53 145 66
80 109 50 135 61
70 106 48 128 58
60 101 46 120 55
50 97 44 112 51
40 94 43 112 51
30 93 42 104 47
20 88 40 101 46
10 78 35 97 44
Mean 98 45 115 54
SD 15 7 19 9
n 42 35

Percentile values of the 1RM bench press, squat, and power clean in high school and college American football players

High school (14-15 years)

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 243 110 385 175 213 97
80 210 95 344 156 195 89
70 195 89 305 138 180 82
60 185 84 305 138 173 79
50 170 77 295 134 152 69
40 165 75 275 125 165 75
30 145 66 255 116 153 70
20 125 57 209 94 141 64
10 110 50 185 84 125 57
Mean 179 81 294 134 176 80
SD 45 20 73 33 33 15
n 214 170 180

High school (16-18 years)

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 275 125 465 211 250 114
80 235 107 425 193 225 102
70 215 98 395 180 208 95
60 205 93 365 166 204 93
50 195 89 345 156 180 82
40 185 84 325 147 175 79
30 170 77 295 134 165 75
20 155 70 275 125 165 75
10 145 66 255 116 152 69
Mean 214 97 348 158 204 93
SD 50 23 88 40 43 20
n 249 284 284

Percentile values of the 1RM bench press, squat, and power clean in NCAA Division I male baseball and basketball athletes

Baseball

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 273 124 365 166 265 120
80 260 118 334 147 239 109
70 247 112 310 141 225 102
60 239 109 293 133 216 98
50 228 103 270 123 206 93
40 218 99 265 120 190 86
30 203 92 247 112 190 86
20 194 88 237 107 182 83
10 175 80 218 99 162 74
Mean 227 103 281 128 210 95
SD 41 19 57 26 36 16
n 170 176 149

Basketball

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 269 122 315 143 250 114
80 250 113 305 139 230 105
70 240 109 295 134 230 105
60 225 102 285 129 215 98
50 216 98 265 120 205 93
40 202 92 255 116 195 89
30 193 88 245 111 189 86
20 185 84 225 102 195 89
10 175 80 205 93 162 74
Mean 225 102 251 114 209 95
SD 57 26 57 26 34 15
n 142 131 122

1RM squat, bench press, power clean, and bench pull descriptive data for various groups

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

Group, sport, or position n (number of athletes) Body weight (lb) Body weight (kg) Squat (lb) Squat (kg) Bench press (lb) Bench press (kg) Power clean (lb) Power clean (kg) Bench pull (lb) Bench pull (kg)
National Rugby League (7) 20 216.5 ± 9.8 98.2 ± 3.4 385.8 ± 59.5 175 ± 27 315.0 ± 35.0 142.7 ± 15.9 142.7 ± 15.9 142.7 ± 15.9 265.9 ± 37.3 120.6 ± 16.9
State-Level Rugby League (7) 21 201.2 ± 8.3 91.3 ± 3.4 329.8 ± 143.0 149 ± 24 258.8 ± 35.9 117.4 ± 16.3 117.4 ± 16.3 117.4 ± 16.3 176.8 ± 26.0 80.2 ± 11.8
National basketball (women) (105) 12 166.7 ± 7.2 75.6 ± 3.4 78.6 ± 3.0 35.7 ± 1.4 173.2 ± 6.6 78.6 ± 3.0 78.6 ± 3.0 78.6 ± 3.0 - -
NCAA Division 1A college football (men) (12) 963 252.0 ± 20.5 114.3 ± 9.3 420.6 ± 50.8 191 ± 23 310.4 ± 40.8 140.8 ± 18.5 140.8 ± 18.5 140.8 ± 18.5 - -
National softball (women) (83) 22 155.2 ± 7.4 71.7 ± 3.4 182.6 ± 22.0 83 ± 10 144.0 ± 27.0 65.3 ± 12.2 65.3 ± 12.2 65.3 ± 12.2 - -
National Rugby Union (Men) (21) 30 236.1 ± 10.1 107.1 ± 4.1 351.6 ± 58.0 159 ± 26 308.6 ± 35.9 140.0 ± 16.3 140.0 ± 16.3 140.0 ± 16.3 - -
NCAA Division III lacrosse (women) (49) 11 132.3 ± 11.0 60.0 ± 5.0 134.6 ± 13.4 61 ± 6 96.8 ± 13.4 43.9 ± 6.1 43.9 ± 6.1 43.9 ± 6.1 - -

Percentile values of the 1RM bench press, squat, and power clean in NCAA Division I female collegiate athletes

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb/kg) 1RM squat (lb/kg) 1RM power clean (lb/kg)
90 124 / 56 178 / 81 130 / 59
80 119 / 54 160 / 73 124 / 56
70 115 / 52 147 / 67 112 / 51
60 112 / 51 135 / 61 106 / 48
50 106 / 48 128 / 58 103 / 47
40 102 / 46 115 / 52 96 / 44
30 96 / 44 112 / 51 88 / 40
20 88 / 40 101 / 46 78 / 35
10 82 / 37 87 / 41 70 / 32
Mean 105 / 48 130 / 59 98 / 45
SD 18 / 8 42 / 20 15 / 7

Norms for standing long jump in elite male and female athletes

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank Males (in/cm) Females (in/cm)
90 148 / 375 124 / 315
80 133 / 339 115 / 293
70 126 / 319 110 / 279
60 116 / 294 104 / 264
50 110 / 279 98 / 249
40 104 / 264 92 / 234
30 98 / 249 86 / 219
20 92 / 234 80 / 204
10 86 / 219 74 / 189

Margaria-Kalamen stair sprint test guidelines (Watts)

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

Classification 15-20 years 20-30 years 30-40 years 40-50 years Over 50
Excellent > 2,197 > 2,059 > 1,648 > 1,226 > 961
Good 1,844-2,197 1,726-2,059 1,383-1,648 1,040-1,226 814-961
Average 1,471-1,844 1,373-1,716 1,098-1,383 834-1,040 647-804
Fair 1,098-1,471 1,040-1,373 834-1,098 490-637 373-471
Poor < 1,098 < 1,040 < 834 < 490 < 373

Percentile ranks for partial curl-ups by age and sex

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

Percentile 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69
90 75 / 70 75 / 55 74 / 48 55 / 33 50 / 30
80 56 / 45 69 / 42 60 / 30 45 / 24 39 / 20
70 41 / 37 46 / 34 43 / 25 33 / 19 26 / 14
60 31 / 32 36 / 28 35 / 19 27 / 13 21 / 10
50 27 / 27 31 / 21 31 / 16 23 / 11 18 / 9
40 24 / 21 24 / 14 23 / 13 19 / 9 15 / 7
30 20 / 17 19 / 12 16 / 10 13 / 7 10 / 5
20 13 / 12 13 / 10 13 / 5 10 / 3 6 / 2
10 10 / 6 9 / 6 7 / 3 5 / 2 3 / 1

Percentile ranks for the 12-minute run (distance in km and miles)

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

Percentile 20-29 years (men) 30-39 years (men) 40-49 years (men)
90 2.90 km / 1.81 mi 2.82 km / 1.75 mi 2.72 km / 1.69 mi
80 2.78 km / 1.73 mi 2.67 km / 1.66 mi 2.57 km / 1.60 mi
70 2.62 km / 1.63 mi 2.48 km / 1.54 mi 2.40 km / 1.49 mi
60 2.54 km / 1.58 mi 2.48 km / 1.49 mi 2.32 km / 1.44 mi
50 2.37 km / 1.47 mi 2.32 km / 1.39 mi 2.22 km / 1.38 mi
40 2.29 km / 1.42 mi 2.24 km / 1.33 mi 2.14 km / 1.33 mi
30 2.20 km / 1.37 mi 2.14 km / 1.28 mi 2.06 km / 1.21 mi
20 2.06 km / 1.28 mi 2.01 km / 1.25 mi 1.95 km / 1.21 mi

NCAA Division I female collegiate athletes (bench press, squat, power clean)

  • 1RM mean values (basketball): bench press 105 lb (48 kg), squat 130 lb (59 kg), power clean 106 lb (48 kg)
  • 90th percentile: bench press 124 lb (56 kg), squat 178 lb (81 kg), power clean 130 lb (59 kg)
  • Standard deviations: bench press 18 lb (8 kg), squat 42 lb (19 kg), power clean 20 lb (9 kg)

NCAA Division I female swimmers (bench press, squat)

  • 1RM mean values: bench press 98 lb (45 kg), squat 115 lb (54 kg)
  • 90th percentile: bench press 116 lb (53 kg), squat 145 lb (66 kg)
  • Standard deviations: bench press 15 lb (7 kg), squat 19 lb (9 kg)

High school football players (bench press, squat, power clean)

  • Ages 14-15 mean values: bench press 179 lb (81 kg), squat 294 lb (134 kg), power clean 176 lb (80 kg)
  • Ages 16-18 mean values: bench press 214 lb (97 kg), squat 348 lb (158 kg), power clean 204 lb (93 kg)
  • 90th percentile (16-18): bench press 275 lb (125 kg), squat 465 lb (211 kg), power clean 250 lb (114 kg)

NCAA Division I male baseball and basketball athletes

  • Baseball mean values: bench press 227 lb (103 kg), squat 281 lb (128 kg), power clean 210 lb (95 kg)
  • Basketball mean values: bench press 225 lb (102 kg), squat 251 lb (114 kg), power clean 209 lb (95 kg)
  • 90th percentile (baseball): bench press 273 lb (124 kg), squat 365 lb (166 kg), power clean 265 lb (120 kg)

Descriptive data for various sports groups

  • National Rugby League: squat 386 lb (175 kg), bench press 315 lb (143 kg), power clean 143 lb (65 kg)
  • NCAA Div 1A football: squat 421 lb (191 kg), bench press 310 lb (141 kg)
  • National basketball (women): squat 79 lb (36 kg), bench press 173 lb (79 kg)
  • National softball (women): squat 183 lb (83 kg), bench press 144 lb (65 kg)

Standing long jump norms (elite athletes)

  • Males, 90th percentile: 148 in (375 cm); Females, 90th percentile: 124 in (315 cm)
  • 50th percentile: males 110 in (279 cm), females 98 in (249 cm)
  • 10th percentile: males 86 in (219 cm), females 74 in (189 cm)

Margaria-Kalamen stair sprint test guidelines (Watts)

  • “Excellent” power output decreases with age (e.g., >2,197 W for 15-20 yrs, >961 W for over 50)
  • “Good,” “Average,” “Fair,” and “Poor” categories defined for each age group
  • Used for assessing anaerobic power

Partial curl-up percentile ranks (by age and sex)

  • 90th percentile (20-29 yrs): males 75, females 70 curl-ups
  • 50th percentile (20-29 yrs): males 27, females 27 curl-ups
  • Performance declines with age

12-minute run percentile ranks (distance)

  • 90th percentile (20-29 yrs, men): 2.90 km (1.81 mi)
  • 50th percentile (20-29 yrs, men): 2.37 km (1.47 mi)
  • Distances decrease with age and lower percentiles
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Normative data

The tables below provide normative data for various tests, sports, and age groups. This information won’t be on the test, but it’s useful for understanding typical performance benchmarks.

Percentile values of the 1RM bench press, squat, and power clean in NCAA Division I female collegiate athletes

Basketball

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 124 56 178 81 130 59
80 119 54 160 73 124 56
70 115 52 147 67 112 51
60 112 51 135 61 106 48
50 106 48 123 56 97 44
40 102 46 115 52 103 47
30 96 44 112 51 96 44
20 88 40 101 46 88 40
10 82 37 87 39 77 35
Mean 105 48 130 59 106 48
SD 18 8 42 19 20 9
n 120 86 85

Swimming

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg)
90 116 53 145 66
80 109 50 135 61
70 106 48 128 58
60 101 46 120 55
50 97 44 112 51
40 94 43 112 51
30 93 42 104 47
20 88 40 101 46
10 78 35 97 44
Mean 98 45 115 54
SD 15 7 19 9
n 42 35

Percentile values of the 1RM bench press, squat, and power clean in high school and college American football players

High school (14-15 years)

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 243 110 385 175 213 97
80 210 95 344 156 195 89
70 195 89 305 138 180 82
60 185 84 305 138 173 79
50 170 77 295 134 152 69
40 165 75 275 125 165 75
30 145 66 255 116 153 70
20 125 57 209 94 141 64
10 110 50 185 84 125 57
Mean 179 81 294 134 176 80
SD 45 20 73 33 33 15
n 214 170 180

High school (16-18 years)

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 275 125 465 211 250 114
80 235 107 425 193 225 102
70 215 98 395 180 208 95
60 205 93 365 166 204 93
50 195 89 345 156 180 82
40 185 84 325 147 175 79
30 170 77 295 134 165 75
20 155 70 275 125 165 75
10 145 66 255 116 152 69
Mean 214 97 348 158 204 93
SD 50 23 88 40 43 20
n 249 284 284

Percentile values of the 1RM bench press, squat, and power clean in NCAA Division I male baseball and basketball athletes

Baseball

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 273 124 365 166 265 120
80 260 118 334 147 239 109
70 247 112 310 141 225 102
60 239 109 293 133 216 98
50 228 103 270 123 206 93
40 218 99 265 120 190 86
30 203 92 247 112 190 86
20 194 88 237 107 182 83
10 175 80 218 99 162 74
Mean 227 103 281 128 210 95
SD 41 19 57 26 36 16
n 170 176 149

Basketball

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb) 1RM bench press (kg) 1RM squat (lb) 1RM squat (kg) 1RM power clean (lb) 1RM power clean (kg)
90 269 122 315 143 250 114
80 250 113 305 139 230 105
70 240 109 295 134 230 105
60 225 102 285 129 215 98
50 216 98 265 120 205 93
40 202 92 255 116 195 89
30 193 88 245 111 189 86
20 185 84 225 102 195 89
10 175 80 205 93 162 74
Mean 225 102 251 114 209 95
SD 57 26 57 26 34 15
n 142 131 122

1RM squat, bench press, power clean, and bench pull descriptive data for various groups

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

Group, sport, or position n (number of athletes) Body weight (lb) Body weight (kg) Squat (lb) Squat (kg) Bench press (lb) Bench press (kg) Power clean (lb) Power clean (kg) Bench pull (lb) Bench pull (kg)
National Rugby League (7) 20 216.5 ± 9.8 98.2 ± 3.4 385.8 ± 59.5 175 ± 27 315.0 ± 35.0 142.7 ± 15.9 142.7 ± 15.9 142.7 ± 15.9 265.9 ± 37.3 120.6 ± 16.9
State-Level Rugby League (7) 21 201.2 ± 8.3 91.3 ± 3.4 329.8 ± 143.0 149 ± 24 258.8 ± 35.9 117.4 ± 16.3 117.4 ± 16.3 117.4 ± 16.3 176.8 ± 26.0 80.2 ± 11.8
National basketball (women) (105) 12 166.7 ± 7.2 75.6 ± 3.4 78.6 ± 3.0 35.7 ± 1.4 173.2 ± 6.6 78.6 ± 3.0 78.6 ± 3.0 78.6 ± 3.0 - -
NCAA Division 1A college football (men) (12) 963 252.0 ± 20.5 114.3 ± 9.3 420.6 ± 50.8 191 ± 23 310.4 ± 40.8 140.8 ± 18.5 140.8 ± 18.5 140.8 ± 18.5 - -
National softball (women) (83) 22 155.2 ± 7.4 71.7 ± 3.4 182.6 ± 22.0 83 ± 10 144.0 ± 27.0 65.3 ± 12.2 65.3 ± 12.2 65.3 ± 12.2 - -
National Rugby Union (Men) (21) 30 236.1 ± 10.1 107.1 ± 4.1 351.6 ± 58.0 159 ± 26 308.6 ± 35.9 140.0 ± 16.3 140.0 ± 16.3 140.0 ± 16.3 - -
NCAA Division III lacrosse (women) (49) 11 132.3 ± 11.0 60.0 ± 5.0 134.6 ± 13.4 61 ± 6 96.8 ± 13.4 43.9 ± 6.1 43.9 ± 6.1 43.9 ± 6.1 - -

Percentile values of the 1RM bench press, squat, and power clean in NCAA Division I female collegiate athletes

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank 1RM bench press (lb/kg) 1RM squat (lb/kg) 1RM power clean (lb/kg)
90 124 / 56 178 / 81 130 / 59
80 119 / 54 160 / 73 124 / 56
70 115 / 52 147 / 67 112 / 51
60 112 / 51 135 / 61 106 / 48
50 106 / 48 128 / 58 103 / 47
40 102 / 46 115 / 52 96 / 44
30 96 / 44 112 / 51 88 / 40
20 88 / 40 101 / 46 78 / 35
10 82 / 37 87 / 41 70 / 32
Mean 105 / 48 130 / 59 98 / 45
SD 18 / 8 42 / 20 15 / 7

Norms for standing long jump in elite male and female athletes

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

% rank Males (in/cm) Females (in/cm)
90 148 / 375 124 / 315
80 133 / 339 115 / 293
70 126 / 319 110 / 279
60 116 / 294 104 / 264
50 110 / 279 98 / 249
40 104 / 264 92 / 234
30 98 / 249 86 / 219
20 92 / 234 80 / 204
10 86 / 219 74 / 189

Margaria-Kalamen stair sprint test guidelines (Watts)

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

Classification 15-20 years 20-30 years 30-40 years 40-50 years Over 50
Excellent > 2,197 > 2,059 > 1,648 > 1,226 > 961
Good 1,844-2,197 1,726-2,059 1,383-1,648 1,040-1,226 814-961
Average 1,471-1,844 1,373-1,716 1,098-1,383 834-1,040 647-804
Fair 1,098-1,471 1,040-1,373 834-1,098 490-637 373-471
Poor < 1,098 < 1,040 < 834 < 490 < 373

Percentile ranks for partial curl-ups by age and sex

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

Percentile 20-29 30-39 40-49 50-59 60-69
90 75 / 70 75 / 55 74 / 48 55 / 33 50 / 30
80 56 / 45 69 / 42 60 / 30 45 / 24 39 / 20
70 41 / 37 46 / 34 43 / 25 33 / 19 26 / 14
60 31 / 32 36 / 28 35 / 19 27 / 13 21 / 10
50 27 / 27 31 / 21 31 / 16 23 / 11 18 / 9
40 24 / 21 24 / 14 23 / 13 19 / 9 15 / 7
30 20 / 17 19 / 12 16 / 10 13 / 7 10 / 5
20 13 / 12 13 / 10 13 / 5 10 / 3 6 / 2
10 10 / 6 9 / 6 7 / 3 5 / 2 3 / 1

Percentile ranks for the 12-minute run (distance in km and miles)

Refer to the textbook to view this data.

Percentile 20-29 years (men) 30-39 years (men) 40-49 years (men)
90 2.90 km / 1.81 mi 2.82 km / 1.75 mi 2.72 km / 1.69 mi
80 2.78 km / 1.73 mi 2.67 km / 1.66 mi 2.57 km / 1.60 mi
70 2.62 km / 1.63 mi 2.48 km / 1.54 mi 2.40 km / 1.49 mi
60 2.54 km / 1.58 mi 2.48 km / 1.49 mi 2.32 km / 1.44 mi
50 2.37 km / 1.47 mi 2.32 km / 1.39 mi 2.22 km / 1.38 mi
40 2.29 km / 1.42 mi 2.24 km / 1.33 mi 2.14 km / 1.33 mi
30 2.20 km / 1.37 mi 2.14 km / 1.28 mi 2.06 km / 1.21 mi
20 2.06 km / 1.28 mi 2.01 km / 1.25 mi 1.95 km / 1.21 mi
Key points

NCAA Division I female collegiate athletes (bench press, squat, power clean)

  • 1RM mean values (basketball): bench press 105 lb (48 kg), squat 130 lb (59 kg), power clean 106 lb (48 kg)
  • 90th percentile: bench press 124 lb (56 kg), squat 178 lb (81 kg), power clean 130 lb (59 kg)
  • Standard deviations: bench press 18 lb (8 kg), squat 42 lb (19 kg), power clean 20 lb (9 kg)

NCAA Division I female swimmers (bench press, squat)

  • 1RM mean values: bench press 98 lb (45 kg), squat 115 lb (54 kg)
  • 90th percentile: bench press 116 lb (53 kg), squat 145 lb (66 kg)
  • Standard deviations: bench press 15 lb (7 kg), squat 19 lb (9 kg)

High school football players (bench press, squat, power clean)

  • Ages 14-15 mean values: bench press 179 lb (81 kg), squat 294 lb (134 kg), power clean 176 lb (80 kg)
  • Ages 16-18 mean values: bench press 214 lb (97 kg), squat 348 lb (158 kg), power clean 204 lb (93 kg)
  • 90th percentile (16-18): bench press 275 lb (125 kg), squat 465 lb (211 kg), power clean 250 lb (114 kg)

NCAA Division I male baseball and basketball athletes

  • Baseball mean values: bench press 227 lb (103 kg), squat 281 lb (128 kg), power clean 210 lb (95 kg)
  • Basketball mean values: bench press 225 lb (102 kg), squat 251 lb (114 kg), power clean 209 lb (95 kg)
  • 90th percentile (baseball): bench press 273 lb (124 kg), squat 365 lb (166 kg), power clean 265 lb (120 kg)

Descriptive data for various sports groups

  • National Rugby League: squat 386 lb (175 kg), bench press 315 lb (143 kg), power clean 143 lb (65 kg)
  • NCAA Div 1A football: squat 421 lb (191 kg), bench press 310 lb (141 kg)
  • National basketball (women): squat 79 lb (36 kg), bench press 173 lb (79 kg)
  • National softball (women): squat 183 lb (83 kg), bench press 144 lb (65 kg)

Standing long jump norms (elite athletes)

  • Males, 90th percentile: 148 in (375 cm); Females, 90th percentile: 124 in (315 cm)
  • 50th percentile: males 110 in (279 cm), females 98 in (249 cm)
  • 10th percentile: males 86 in (219 cm), females 74 in (189 cm)

Margaria-Kalamen stair sprint test guidelines (Watts)

  • “Excellent” power output decreases with age (e.g., >2,197 W for 15-20 yrs, >961 W for over 50)
  • “Good,” “Average,” “Fair,” and “Poor” categories defined for each age group
  • Used for assessing anaerobic power

Partial curl-up percentile ranks (by age and sex)

  • 90th percentile (20-29 yrs): males 75, females 70 curl-ups
  • 50th percentile (20-29 yrs): males 27, females 27 curl-ups
  • Performance declines with age

12-minute run percentile ranks (distance)

  • 90th percentile (20-29 yrs, men): 2.90 km (1.81 mi)
  • 50th percentile (20-29 yrs, men): 2.37 km (1.47 mi)
  • Distances decrease with age and lower percentiles