Introduction to the cardiovascular system and medications

Also called the circulatory system, the cardiovascular system transports oxygen, nutrients, and other blood components to body tissues. It’s made up of the heart and a network of blood vessels:

• Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
• Veins return blood to the heart.
• Capillaries allow exchange of gases, nutrients, and wastes between blood and tissues.

Diseases of the cardiovascular system are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality.

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder defined by elevated blood pressure. Over time, uncontrolled hypertension can damage vital organs, including the heart, kidneys, and brain. Treatment includes lifestyle modifications and antihypertensive medications.

Coronary artery disease occurs when plaque builds up in the coronary arteries, creating a mismatch between the heart muscle’s oxygen and nutrient demand and the blood supply available to meet it. This can lead to heart failure and other life-threatening complications. Treatment typically combines medications (such as antianginals and anticoagulants) with risk-factor reduction, including lowering high cholesterol using antihyperlipidemics.

Antiarrhythmics are drugs used to treat irregular cardiac rhythms.

Table showing common drug classes and examples of the cardiovascular system