Research summary | Types of passages | ACT Science

Research summary

The most common type of passage in the ACT Science test is research summaries, making up about 45–60% of passages. These passages revolve around reading descriptions and results of experiments. This means that they will most often have more emphasis on paragraphs rather than visual data like graphs or tables. They will also focus much more on how the experiments are conducted. Here is an example of one of these kinds of passages:

ACT science research summary example question

To do well on these passages, you have to be able to answer questions that focus on the design of the experiment and on interpreting its results. You can read more about these types of questions in their chapters of this textbook.

Some passages are difficult to understand and only require you to find answers by pointing at them or by drawing comparisons in the passage. In many cases you are not expected to understand these topics in their entirety. However, research summary passages are often different.

One of the things that stands out about this type of passage is that you are expected to understand the purpose of the research and the reasons for certain steps in the experiment. You should still skip reading the passage and begin with the questions, but you will have to dig a bit more to find the answers. The purpose of this is to test your understanding of the scientific method. The test evaluates your ability to form a hypothesis, to identify a control group and variables, and to draw a conclusion.

A hypothesis is an assumption based on what we understand about a scientific experiment we perform. The hypothesis is a possible outcome of the experiment. The independent variable is the variable that we choose to change within the experiment. The dependent variable is the variable that changes in response to the independent variable. We don’t directly change the dependent variable! The control group is the baseline group without any changes made to it. We compare every other test to the control group so that we can see how much our results change. The conclusion is the statement we make about the data we have gathered. It describes the results of our outcome and often either proves or disproves the assumption from our hypothesis.

Key points

Frequency. This passage type is the most common. It makes up about 45–60% of passages, so you can expect to see two to four of these on a test.

Design. The core of these passages is the design of the experiment. You will need to understand why certain things are done, but you do not need to know exactly what everything means.

Reading. These passages usually require a bit of reading, so be sure to scan for keywords in the text given.

Scientific method. You will be tested on forming hypotheses, identifying control groups and variables, and drawing conclusions from the data and design given.